Report
on the Performance of the Gowan & Marx Locomotive.
Source:
American Railroad Journal and
Mechanics' Magazine, date uncertain
To the editors of the American
Railroad Journal and Mechanics' Magazine.
GENTLEMEN: - In looking, over
your valuable Journal of Sept. 1st 1840, page 154, this morning, we noticed for
the first time the following, "we find it recorded that one of Mr. Norris'
engines drew over the Philadelphia and Reading road, 54 miles, at the rate of
ten miles per hour, 101 cars, containing a net load of 323 tons 'exclusive of
cars and tender." As but in one instance has there been a train of 101
cars drawn over the road above mentioned, we think your, statement meant to
refer to an engine made by us, for the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Co.,
which in February last, drew over the road, just mentioned a train of 101
loaded cars; the gross weight being 423 tons, of 2240 lbs. not including engine
or tender; the net weight of
freight being 268-1/2 tons, of 2240 lbs. This is much the largest load that has
ever been conveyed over the Philadelphia and Reading road by a single engine,
and when the weight of the engine is taken into consideration, being but 24,660
lbs. whole weight in running order, with fall complement of fuel (anthracite)
and water; on driving wheels 18,260 lbs. The performance may be looked upon as
extraordinary.
Enclosed we send you the
statement of Mr. G. N. Nicolls, furnished for publication in the Jour. Frank.
Inst., at the time the above load was drawn, which gives a detailed account of
the performance, which we respectfully ask you to insert, in connection with
what we have written above.
Very
respectfully,
EASTWICK & HARRISON.
Philadelphia, Nov. 2d, 1840.
STATEMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE
"GOWAN AND MARX," BUILT BY MESSRS. EASTWICK AND HARRISON
PHILADELPHIA, ON THE PHILADELPHIA AND READING RAILROAD.WITH A TRAIN OF ONE
HUNDRED AND ONE LOADED CARS. FEBRUARY 20th, 1840.
Gross weight of train,
including cars and freight, but not engine or tender, 423 tons at 2240 lbs.
Net weight of freight,
268-1/2 tons of 2240 lbs.
The freight consisted of-2002
barrels of flour, 82 do. whiskey, 459 kegs of nails, 19 tons bar iron, 22 hhds.
meal, 5 do. whiskey, 4 do oil, and sundry other articles, making a total of
268-1/2 tons.
Distance from Reading to the
foot of the inclined plane on the Columbia railroad, 54-1/2 miles. Running time
of the engine with train, five hours thirty-three minutes; rate 9.82 miles per
hour. Coal consumed, red ash anthracite, from Schuylkill county, 5600 lbs.
Water evaporated, 2774 gallons.
Grades of road - The total fall from Reading to the point where the
train was stopped near the Columbia railroad, is 214.5 feet, being an average
fall of 3.94 feet per mile. There is no ascending grade from Reading to the Columbia railroad, with the
exception of about 21 00 feet at its lower termination, graded at 26.4 fee per
mile, upon which grade the train was stopped; the other grades vary from 19 to
15 feet per mile; there are only three miles graded at 18 feet and one at 19
feet per mile.
The total length of dead
level line from Reading to the Columbia railroad is 27 miles and 4200 feet; of
this the longest level is 9 miles and 500 feet long, between Norristown and the
inclined, plane; the others vary from 1550 to 4 miles and 1600 feet in length.
State of the track. - Owing to the frost coming out of the ground at
this season, the track was in worse order than at any other time of the year,
this, however, did not materially affect the performance of the engine, as the
embankments were all in nearly as good order as at other times, and at comparatively
few points in the deep cut, was the track sufficiently out of line or level to
offer increased resistance tothe train.
The superstructure of-the
road consists of a T rail, 45 lbs. to the yard, laid upon sills 7 feet long and
7 by 8 inches square, 3 feet 11 inches apart from centre to centre, and laid on
broken stone.
State of the rails. - For the, first twenty miles the rails were in very
bad order, the morning. was cloudy, and a fog of the previous night had left
sufficient moisture on the surface of the rails to diminish considerably the
adhesion of the engine; for the remainder of the distance the weather was
clear, and the rails in good order.
Working of the engine.- On three different occasions the engine started the
whole train on dead level, and when on a dry rail, without the wheels slipping.
The steam ranged from 80 lbs.
to 130 lbs. per square inch, to which latter pressure the safety valve, was
screwed down.
The draught of the engine was
created by the escape steam passing into, and from, a tubed exhaust box -no
other draught was used while running; at the water stations, "Reilly's
patent fan" was used when fresh coal was thrown on the fire, but at no
other time.
The speed of the train was
noted when passing through some curves of 819 feet radius on the 9 mile level,
and found to be 9.8 miles per hour; on a straight line on the same level, the
engine attained a speed of 10.5 miles per hour.
So little was the engine
affected by her performance on the 20th, that on the 23d she drew, on her
return trip, 88 burden cars, 9 of which were loaded, and a locomotive engine,
making a gross weight of 163 tons of 2240 lbs., not including, engine or
tender, up a grade of 18.4 feet per mile. The train had a strong head wind
against it during the whole trip, which owing to its length, 1206 feet, was
sensibly felt at some exposed points of the road, and must have proportionably
affected the power of the engine.
Weight
and dimensions of the engine, - "Gowan and Marx"- Weight when empty 21,640 lbs. In running'
order, with fuel and water, -24,660 lbs., on four driving wheels in
running(order, or with water, fuel and two men, 18,260 lbs. Cylinders 12-2/3 by
16 inch stroke; 8 wheels, 4 of which are driving wheels, coupled, 3 feet 4
inches diameter ; truck wheels 2 feet 6 inches diameter.
The weight of the burden cars
averaged from 1.5 to 1.65 tons, of 2240 lbs. each; they were all 4 wheeled -
wheels 3 feet diameter, and 4 feet 6 inches apart from centre to centre.
The above performance of an
11 ton engine is believed to exceed any on record in this or any other country.
G.
N. NICOLLS,
Superintendent transportation, Philad. and Reading, R. R.
Reading,
Feb. 24, 1840.
Return
to the Pictorial Catalog of Steam Locomotives
About
The Hopkin Thomas Project
Rev, April 2010